![]() Of course human opponents are more fun, though there are advantages to playing with bots. You can either play with human opponents, or solo with three bots. Like Funbridge, you can only play with an internet connection. Bridgebase also offers a browser-based game based on Adobe Flash. That said, you can get 10 games a week for free, though you only get the 10 free games if you have no paid games in your account slightly unfair to the paying customers.īridgebase is available for iPad, iPhone, Android and Amazon Kindle. Currently 50 deals costs £1.49 (about 3p each) or if you pay more the per-deal cost falls to under 2p. Not so good for most flights.įunbridge is a pay per game service. Since you are playing against a cloud-based server, you can only play if you have an internet connection. There is definitely an art to winning at Funbridge that is a different from what it takes to win at a real bridge table. The bidding is eccentric at times, and it can be hard to persuade your partner bot to play in no trumps rather than a suit. You can also see all the other scores on any hand, and how they were bid and played.įunbridge is not perfect though. I think this is a hint that to get the best from Funbridge you should use the 5 card major system.Īnother nice feature of Funbridge is that you can go back and replay a hand to try a different line of play. You can select one of 6 conventions, including ACOL, SAYC (American Standard), and 5 card major at three levels from beginner to expert. There is a good variety of game options, including one-off games, tournaments of 5 games each, and a series ladder you can climb from 1 club to 7 no trumps. The user interface is excellent, much the best of all the tablet bridge software I have used and better than most desktop bridge software too. It looks like you play with your friend against two bots.įunbridge has a lot to like. I have not tried the “Two players game” so I am not sure how that works, except that the other player has to be a “friend” in the Funbridge community system. The way Funbridge works is that you always play against a computer, though this is on the internet rather than running locally, but your scores are compared with other humans playing the same hands. The Android edition is the newest but works fine, though of all of them it is the iOS release that is the nicest to use. There are also versions for Windows and Mac. ![]() So what are the choices? Here is a quick look at some favourites.įunbridge is available for iPhone, iPad and Android. Go to one of your computers with Bridge Baron installed that you wish to deactivate the.Bridge is an ideal game for a tablet, well suited to touch control and the kind of game you can play for a few minutes or a few hours at a time, which is excellent for travellers. Access key and activation key? With Bridge Baron you can deactivate one of your current installs/serial number in order to install it on a new computer or simply switch to a new PC by following these instructions. If this is the case then it is usually made available in the full download archive itself. Many downloads like Bridge Baron Key Activation may also include a crack, serial number, unlock code or keygen (key generator). Universal Viewer Pro 6.7.0 + key If you need a program for viewing different file formats, then you can download Universal Viewer Pro crack from our website, for this we move to the full news and pick up the application. Play Bridge Baron and enjoy endless variations of the classic trick-taking game against the computer or other players! May 20, 2013. Bridge baron 23 serial number by Main page, released 14 November 2018 Bridge Baron Key Activation Download. Time i open Bridge baron on my Windows 7 computer.
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![]() There’s faces new and old to meet, a new Special Ball tailor-made aspiring thieves, a clever Playlist of cat-and-mouse antics, a vault’s worth of new cosmetics, and an all-new Brawl Pass with a riveting heart-stealing story. Additional Content – In addition to TMNT content, players get access to bonus Brawler spots, a new style of crew vehicle, new Hideout customizations, a new energy drink, and new jukebox music tracks. Season 8 of Knockout City is almost here The world of High Society Heist is full of intrigue, drama, thrills, and chills.Players can enjoy this new map with a Sludge Works-centric playlist. The stage periodically fills with sludge, closing some routes and potentially exposing players. New Map and Events – A new arena called the Sludge Works enters rotation, with a battlefield that constantly changes.With the Premium Brawl Pass, players have access to more Contracts for faster completion. Players can level up by completing Brawl Pass contracts. New Premium Edition Brawl Pass – A special Brawl Pass full of TMNT-themed items, including April O'Neil's outfit and Shredder's mask.The game currently offers a 10 day free trial for all platforms but those who wish to obtain these extra content must purchase the game. It is 9.99 higher than the original game, making it 29.99. The Deluxe Edition is an extension of Knockout City that adds more customization choices for players. Players can earn several TMNT cosmetics by playing. Knockout City (knockoutcity) April 26, 2021. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Event – A special in-game event taking place in weeks four and five of this season. ![]() Cosmetics 52T3-BMJD-3QNL-BQWB-LWK9: Redeem this code and get All Pride 2021 Icons. Frantic and fun Dominate the city’s lightning-fast dodgebrawl matches in a competitive multiplayer game where pure skill and teamwork rule Crew up Assemble an all-star dodgeball Crew with your friends and battle it out in a seamless cross-play experience. The bundle will not be available for purchase with Holobux. Knockout City Redeem Codes - Redeem these codes and claim some free. The client told me that he received a call from someone in Kansas City. Fawn Creek Township is in Montgomery County. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Bundle ($20) – A limited-time bundle including all four turtles (including unique intro poses). Im actually having the exact issue with a client of mine located in Dallas, TX. Fawn Creek Township is located in Kansas with a population of 1,618.Those looking to get the most TMNT fun out of this season of Knockout City can look forward to the following bundles, passes, and events over the course of the next couple of months. ![]() Bangalore has the passive power “ Double Time” to sprint speed by 30% to escape the fights.Its Ultimate power is “ Dimensional Rift,” which can create a connecting portal for 60 seconds. Its Tactical ability is “ Into the Void,” which allows Wraith to move quickly through spacetime, thereby avoiding all damage. Wraith has the passive power “ Voices from the Void” to warn players with voices when any enemy targets them.Its Ultimate power is the “ Zipline Gun” with this ability, he can create a zipline for everyone. Its Tactical ability is “ Grapple,” which gives the ability of a grappling hook to help you escape fights. Pathfinder has the passive power “ Insider Knowledge” to reveal the circle’s following location before the time comes. ![]() Its Ultimate power is the “ Care Package,” which it can call a complete package including shields, gun magazines, and heals. Its Tactical ability is the “ D.O.C Heal Drone,” which can call the drone for nearby teammates that automatically heals. ![]() Lifeline has the passive power “ Combat Revive” to deploy the D.O.C drone to revive teammates.Its Ultimate power is “ Defensive Bombardment,” with this, Gibraltar can strike on a marked position. Its Tactical ability is the “ Dome of Protection,” which can plot a dome shield to block incoming fire and protects teammates. Gibraltar has the passive power “ Gun Shield” to when he fires, a shield will also deploy from his arm.Its Tactical ability is “ Stim,” which can increase 30% the movement speed for six seconds only, and its Ultimate power is “ Jump Pad” with this, Octane deploys a jump pad. Octane has the passive power “ Swift Mend” to restore 1 HP per second.Its Tactical ability is “ Eye of the Allfather,” which can see any hidden enemy, and its Ultimate power is “ Beast of the Hunt” with this, you can hunt enemies in 35sec. Bloodhound has the passive power “ Tracker” to track the enemy’s footprint. You have total control over the output of your video: you can choose to use custom cursors, to record the whole screen or just a section of it and can reduce or increase the quality of the recording depending on if you want smaller videos (for emailing to people, for instance) or you can have "best quality" ones for burning onto CD/DVD.īut all of these features would be worthless if CamStudio wasn't easy to use. Don't like the sound of your voice? No problem.ĬamStudio can also add high-quality, anti-aliased (no jagged edges) screen captions to your recordings in seconds and with the unique Video Annotation feature you can even personalise your videos by including a webcam movie of yourself "picture-in-picture" over your desktop.Īnd if all that wasn't enough, CamStudio also comes with its own Lossless Codec that produces crystal clear results with a much smaller filesize compared with other more popular codecs, like Microsoft Video 1. If you have any software request, you can post it in our Request Section. ![]()
![]() If you don’t want your target to find out about your spoofing, make sure to delete the confirmation code from their phone before they can see it. Enter it into WhatsApp on your phone when prompted, and you’re all ready to go. Access their phone one last time to get that verification code. This code will be sent to their phone number as part of the WhatsApp configuration process. Get the confirmation code from your target’s phone. To check that you’ve successfully changed your MAC address, enter “ip link show eth0.” In the terminal emulator, enter “ip link set eth0 address XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX” and “ip link set eth0 broadcast XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX”, where eth0 is the interface you identified and XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX is your target’s MAC address. Identify the one that has your MAC address - for this example, we’ll use the eth0 interface. In the terminal, type “ip link show” to see a list of interfaces. On Android, install BusyBox and the Terminal Emulator (apps available for free on Google Play). On an iPhone or other device, install a MAC spoofing app like MacDaddy X or WifiSpoof. This will allow your phone to pass as your target’s, letting you convince WhatsApp that you are your target when you log in. Make sure to save it somewhere secure, as you’ll want to change your device back to that address once you’re done.Ĭhange (“spoof”) your phone’s MAC address to that of your target. Find your MAC address using the instructions above. On a BlackBerry, go to Options → Device → Device and Status info → WLAN MAC. ![]() On a Windows phone, look in Settings → About → More info → MAC address. On an iPhone, go to Settings → General → About → Wi-Fi Address. On an Android, find this in Settings → About phone → Status → Wi-Fi MAC address. It takes the form of six pairs of letters or numbers, separated by colons (01:23:45:67:89:ab). Find and write down your target’s MAC address. A MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to your phone or other device that essentially serves as its online identity. You’ll need it for two different steps throughout the process, but this shouldn’t take too long – you should be able to return it before your target starts to miss it.įind your target’s phone’s Media Access Control (MAC) address. You’ll install it again at the end of the method, but you’ll need to configure it differently, and the easiest way to make sure you’ll be able to do that correctly is to completely uninstall it now. Step 1: Uninstall WhatsApp from your phone or device. Wifi Scanner ( if you can’t reach the target’s phone for getting his / her mac address through settings ) Busybox and Terminal App installed on your android deviceĤ. * MacDaddyX was inspired by: Gorlani, Mac Makeup IS NOT related to MacDaddyX it is from another author.First of all the requirements of this procedure are:ģ. * MacDaddyX is a front end for built-in utilities. Added ability to make custom command line.Ġ5.09.07 – v0.0.9: Lots of changes, GUI, and code.Advanced Options moved to preferences panel.Switched the database to use the standard from:.*Fixed an issue with the Custom Command.*Interface window switched to metal style look.-Restore button removed from preferences.+Original MAC shown on NIC list on mouse over.+Restore to original MAC without reboot.– Size: compressed: 0KB uncompressed 0KB History: OS v10.4.10 or greater (not tested on other versions) –.Automatically Activate new MAC Address after change.Randomly Generate any New MAC Address or based on a selected manufacturer.Protect your personal privacy by hiding the real MAC Address of your Network Adapters.* Click “Change” to change and activate new MAC Address * Click “Random” to generate a MAC Address to spoof Show the manufacturer of the MAC Address (if in OID database).MacDaddyX also helps Network and IT Security professionals to troubleshoot network problems, test Intrusion Detection / Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS,) test Incident Response plans, build high-availability solutions, recover (MAC Address based) software licenses, etc… Features: MacDaddyX helps people to protect their privacy by hiding their real MAC Addresses in the widely available Network. Allows changes to any NIC that permits using built-in utilities. MacDaddyX changes the “software based” MAC addresses. MacDaddyX does not change the hardware burned-in MAC addresses. ![]() MacDaddyX is a powerful, yet easy to use MAC Address Changer (Spoofer). By admin on Februin OSX, Software Overview ![]() Aki will then say that she doesn’t care if he stays there forever, she is leaving him behind. Tohma refuses because everything that is happening is all Misao’s doing. Aki will then tell him that they should help Misao and asks him to help. He then asks Aki to help him because Misao is out to get him. Tohma will then say that it isn’t his fault and that it is all Misao’s doing. Aki will tell Tohma that Saotome is dead. Once you found the vase and placed a lily in it, a voice will tell you that “It will be waiting on the rooftop.” That is where we are heading but first go to the upper right corner of the room and talk to Tohma. (For now anyway.) The last vase is located in D5. It’s the only room that you can enter in this hall. Once you have located the vase and placed a lily in it, leave the room and head upstairs. (It’s the room to the right of the Library.) The second vase is located in B2. With that done, leave the room and go to Class 2-B. The one with the “X” is where the vase is located.) ( For reference: The letters and numbers are coordinates. There are 30 seats in the classroom and you are supposed to find a vase in one of those seats and put a lily in the vase. After he is gone, check the locker again for your fifth item, “Locker Key”. (That’s the room to the left of the Library.) Remember the clue on the bulletin board in 1F Hall? We are going to solve it now but first open the locker on the upper left corner of the room to free Mr. After that talk, head to the right and interact with the vase filled with flowers on the table to get your fourth item, “Lilies”. Then she will ask you to give her an easier name to be called as. Talk to Miss Library and choose “Be her friend”. You will now gain the ability to use Warp. Enter the middle room to enter the Library. Head up and you will see 3 rooms that you can enter. From the bulletin board, head south and interact with the locker to get your third item, “Bat”. Choose “Buy juice” to get your second item, “Pocari Sweat”. Equip “Coins” and interact with the vending machine. Exit the Girl’s Bathroom and head left until you see a vending machine. You must bypass her and interact with the toilet in the last stall to get your first item, “Coins”. The door to the last stall will then disappear and the ghost Hanako will appear. Interact with the toilet and choose to flush the toilet. ![]() (It’s just next to the Boy’s Bathroom.) Now go to the last stall (far right) and interact with it 3 times. There is nothing to do here (for now) so exit this room. ![]() Unfortunately, Saotome is already dead and Aki attacks the evil spirit with the fire extinguisher. Head back near the entrance and interact with the fire extinguisher. Aki will try to help out and look for something to attack the evil spirit with. ![]() Saotome is about to get attacked by an evil spirit and asks for Tohma’s help. You will see a scene here with Tohma and Saotome. Continue right and enter the Boy’s Bathroom. Head right until you see the bulletin board then interact with it. Rooms that you can enter are indicated with a white triangle pointing at the door.) Talk to Ayaka here who is rummaging through Mr. (This is the first room that you can enter. (For reference, the room next to the Student Council Room is the Principal’s Office.) Go down the stairs. Since I have played this game a lot, this is how I go about collecting the items and Misao’s body parts:Įxit the Student Council Room. Misao’s main game is non-linear so you can go about it however you want. ![]() ![]() There is also no way to view the raw data signal. A major downside of 4Peaks is that the quality score bars are shown in the background which creates confusion when viewing the quality and chromatogram in the same window. Traces appear sharper when viewed through 4Peaks compared to other chromatogram viewing programs, which allows for a easy viewing. CostĤPeaks boasts that it is able to “render peaks better than anyone else”. One handy feature is the speech function where 4Peaks will verbally read out the sequence of the file so you can follow along while looking at another sequence to compare differences. You also have the ability to translate the DNA sequence into the amino acid sequence across 3 separate frames. The program is full of nifty features, you have the ability to open a separate txt window containing the sequence and select from the peaks/txt file at the same time to compare specific regions. This function is not available in 4Peaks. ABI limits (regions outside of clear range region are displayed in grey) It is possible to edit, insert and delete bases in 4Peaks. However, it will take you into a separate web browser. You can run a BLAST search through 4Peaks. It is possible to manually select areas to trim at the 3′ and 5′ ends. Through the quality overview function you can trim below a set quality value. Input file formatsĪBI, SCF, ALF, PLN, EXP, ZTR, BIO and TXT. 4Peaks does not contain any features for DNA alignment or assembly. There is now way to view the raw data in 4Peaks. Acer 17.3 laptop, Go /activate, Hosts file in macos E sim t mobile, Spn 81 fmi 16, Label gallery 3 download, Song of hope poem by cecil. Quality scores are presented as blue bars behind the peaks and at the top of the window when a peak is selected. Supported platforms: MacOSX 10.7 or later DNA Sequencing Reaction Clean-up using Phenol & Butanol.Tris EDTA DNA Sequencing Resuspension Buffer.Exonuclease I – Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase Clean Up of PCR Products.Auto PeakTrace 6 Online Activation Guide.How to Update the PeakTrace License on Linux.We answer your questions within 24-48 hours (Weekend off).Ĭhannel: If you want the latest software updates and discussion about any software in your pocket, then here is our Telegram channel. You may also use our social and accounts by following Whatsapp, Facebook, and Twitter for your questions. Our Contact: Kindly use our contact page regards any help. Want to add more 4peaks alternatives: If anyone wants to add the more 4peaks alternative to this list, then contact us or use the review section below. Misinformation: If you want to correct any misinformation about 4peaks and similar Software listed on this page, then kindly contact us. If you have any queries regards the 4peaks software and 4peaks alternatives software, then please ask us through the comment and review section below. You may visit the developer profile by following the link.įor our visitors: If you are interested in rating the 4peaks alternatives and similar Software, then please use our rating review section to review this item. The developer of the 4peaks software we mentioned above in the description section. Download it now for abi / scf trace alignment, subcloning and plasmid management, blast / sequence query, sequence annotation … Marks restriction sites in the edit window Accurately displays Dam / Dcm blocking of enzyme sites Highlights …ĭNADynamo – for Windows, OSX and Linux. Want to see more alternatives for 4peaks? ApE – A plasmid editorĪpE is a scientific application for processing plasmids. It provides tools with an intuitive interface to assist you in DNA cloning, sequence analysis and visualization. Serial Cloner is molecular biology software. ![]() Performs virtual DNA cloning, analyzes DNA for restriction enzymes, homing enzymes and primer sites, mother and dcm … Scientific software for the molecular biologist. An intuitive multi-document interface with convenient brands … Chromas is a simple, easy-to-use viewer and editor for arranging chromatograms….īioEdit is a biological sequence alignment editor written for Windows 95/98 / NT / 2000 / XP / 7. There are two software applications available with Technelysium: Chromas and ChromasPro. The current versions are v11.5.1 for Windows / PCs and v7.1 for Macs, but only support Mac OS X v10.3 … Vector NTI is a bioinformatics software package. Geneious combines all important tools for DNA and protein sequence analysis in one revolutionary software solution! SnapGene Viewer is revolutionary software that allows molecular biologists to create, browse and share richly annotated DNA sequence files up to 1Gb in length. Anybody who included him in their lineups was well on the way to a profitable day. We have ranked all of the projected starting pitchers including names like Zac Gallen, Joe Musgrove. The result: Judge went 4-for-4 with a double and three RBI, returning 24 points on DraftKings and 31.7 points on FanDuel. Below you will find today's fantasy baseball pitcher rankings for Saturday, May 13th, 2023. On Saturday, McClure highlighted Yankees outfielder Aaron Judge as one of this top DFS picks. This allows him to find the best values on every site. The 26-year-old won the Silver Slugger in 2021 and has averaged 35.5. Advanced rankings from 10,000 simulations. One of McClure's top MLB DFS picks for Monday is Braves third baseman Austin Riley (5,100 on DraftKings and 2,900 on FanDuel). Winning Fantasy advice, analysis, and DFS lineups. Recognized in the book " Fantasy Football (and Baseball) for Smart People: How to Turn Your Hobby into a Fortune" as a top MLB DFS player, McClure's proprietary projection model simulates each game 10,000 times, taking factors such as matchups and recent results into account. Dominate Season-Long Fantasy and DFS with SportsLine Full player and game projections. the finest Fantasy Football, Fantasy Baseball, Fantasy Basketball and Fantasy. And when it comes to daily Fantasy baseball, McClure is at his best. Your 2022 Fantasy Football Draft Kit Includes: Tier-Based Rankings The. McClure is a daily Fantasy pro who has won more than $2 million in his career. Before submitting any MLB DFS picks for Sunday, be sure to check out the MLB DFS advice, strategy and projections from SportsLine daily Fantasy expert Mike McClure. Below you'll find all our great draft content from our loaded team of analysts Scott Pianowski, Dalton Del Don, Andy Behrens and Fred Zinkie. 359/.431/.797 with seven home runs, seven doubles and 15 RBI in the month of May. He enters Sunday's matchup with the Royals slashing. Below you will find todays fantasy baseball pitcher rankings for Saturday, May 13th, 2023. Download our updated fantasy baseball app for iPhone and Android with 24x7 player news, injury alerts, sleepers, prospects & more. The fantasy week begins with a 12-game slate, with action getting underway a bit early at 4:05 PM ET when the Nationals and Mets wrap up a series in the nations capital. ![]() White Sox outfielder Luis Robert is also scorching hot this month. How much exposure should you have to Judge in your MLB DFS lineups, and who else in the MLB DFS player pool is worth rostering? 2022 Fantasy Baseball Draft Prep: First-year player rankings reveal the newest prospects for Dynasty leagues Heres how to prioritize the newcomers to the. During that span, he's 14-for-31 with seven home runs and 16 RBI. Judge belted an AL-record 62 home runs last season and he enters the series finale against the Reds on an eight-game hitting streak. The 2023 MLB season will continue on Sunday and last year's MVP Aaron Judge is heating up once again. ![]() Ping test to check your server’s response time.LAN Scan gives you a list of WiFi devices in your WLAN.WiFi Signal presents a graphical and textual representation of the network channels, as well as signal strengths that are customizable to let you see what you just need.A clean, crisp, and easy-to-use user interface makes it great for a quick glance. It offers a long list of tools to help you evaluate and debug WiFi networks at home or office. Network Analyzer does a great job of helping you troubleshoot your WiFi network setup and connectivity. It is the biggest in terms of app size at 8.4M. This app is free to download and install. It supports both 2.4GHz and 5GHz channel bands. It provides you with a ton of details about the WiFi network in your area in a customizable table to fit your needs. It promises a real-time scan of your WiFi network and all WiFi networks in your area. This Android version of Netspot lets you discover, analyze, compare, and troubleshoot WiFi networks around you from any Android device. ![]() NetSpot has been known as a WiFi tool to help assess, scan, and analyze WiFi coverage and performance for Macs and PCs. This app is free to download but contains ads and offers in-app purchases.
![]() (4) Study population of non-mechanically ventilated subjects. (3) Outcome measures included assessment of lung function by forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, vital capacity (VC), functional residual capacity (FRC), maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax), maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), peak expiratory flow (PEF), total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), or diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO). (2) Two or more body positions compared, including at least the sitting or standing position. We aimed to systematically review studies that evaluated the effect of body position on lung function in healthy subjects and non-mechanically ventilated patients with lung disease, heart disease, SCI, neuromuscular disease, and obesity.Īrticles were included if they met the following criteria: (1) Quasi-experimental, pre-post intervention. However, we did not find a systematic review that integrates findings from studies involving non-mechanically ventilated adults to derive clinical implications for respiratory care and pulmonary function test (PFT) execution. One of the main goals of positioning, and specifically the use of upright positions, is to improve lung function in patients with respiratory disorders, heart failure, neuromuscular disease, spinal cord injury (SCI), and obesity, and in the past 20 years, various studies regarding the influence of body position on respiratory mechanics and/or function have been published. However, people who suffer from neuromuscular disease, morbid obesity, and other conditions may find it difficult to sit or stand during this test, which may influence their results. Sitting is preferable for safety reasons to avoid falling due to syncope, and might also be more convenient because of the measurement devices and patient comfort. According to ATS/ERS guidelines, PFTs may be performed either in the sitting or standing position, and the position should be recorded on the report. Spirometric examination is the most common form of PFT. They are used to evaluate and monitor diseases that affect heart and lung function, to monitor the effects of environmental, occupational, and drug exposures, to assess risks of surgery, and to assist in evaluations performed before employment or for insurance purposes. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) provide objective, quantifiable measures of lung function. When treating patients with heart, lung, SCI, neuromuscular disease, or obesity, one should take into consideration that pulmonary physiology and function are influenced by body position. We recommend the supine position should be considered in addition to sitting for PFTs in patients with SCI and neuromuscular disease. PFTs are routinely performed in the sitting position. Conclusionsīody position influences the results of PFTs, but the optimal position and magnitude of the benefit varies between study populations. In patients with chronic heart failure, the effect of position on DLCO varied. In healthy subjects, DLCO was higher in the supine vs. For subjects with tetraplegic SCI, FVC and FEV1 were higher in supine vs. In most studies involving healthy subjects or patients with lung, heart, neuromuscular disease, or obesity, FEV1, FVC, FRC, PEmax, PImax, and/or PEF values were higher in more erect positions. ![]() The study populations included healthy subjects (29 studies), lung disease (nine), heart disease (four), spinal cord injury (SCI, seven), neuromuscular diseases (three), and obesity (four). Resultsįorty-three studies met inclusion criteria. Standing, sitting, supine, and right- and left-side lying positions were studied. ![]() ![]() Primary outcome measures were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC, FEV1/FVC), vital capacity (VC), functional residual capacity (FRC), maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax), maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), peak expiratory flow (PEF), total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Studies that were quasi-experimental, pre-post intervention compared ≥2 positions, including sitting or standing and assessed lung function in non-mechanically ventilated subjects aged ≥18 years were included. MethodsĪ search to identify English-language papers published from 1/1998–12/2017 was conducted using MEDLINE and Google Scholar with key words: body position, lung function, lung mechanics, lung volume, position change, positioning, posture, pulmonary function testing, sitting, standing, supine, ventilation, and ventilatory change. This systematic review investigated the influence of body position on lung function in healthy persons and specific patient groups. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are routinely performed in the upright position due to measurement devices and patient comfort. |